*Doses are commonly-reported figures from public sources, not a recommendation. Educational only.
| Year | Title / venue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | ACE-031, a soluble activin type IIB receptor, increases muscle mass and strength in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) PloS one · preclinical | PMID 41686840 |
| 2025 | Molecular mechanism of Activin receptor inhibition by DLK1 Nature communications · preclinical | PMID 40593645 |
| 2025 | ACE-031, a Soluble Activin Type IIB Receptor, Increases Muscle Mass and Strength in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · preclinical | PMID 41256654 |
| 2022 | Myostatin/Activin Receptor Ligands in Muscle and the Development Status of Attenuating Drugs Endocrine reviews · preclinical | PMID 34520530 |
| 2022 | Sex specificity of pancreatic cancer cachexia phenotypes, mechanisms, and treatment in mice and humans: role of Activin Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · preclinical | PMID 35510530 |
| 2021 | The association between sarcopenia susceptibility and polymorphisms of FTO, ACVR2B, and IRS1 in Tibetans Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · preclinical | PMID 34302448 |
| 2018 | Prevention of chemotherapy-induced cachexia by ACVR2B ligand blocking has different effects on heart and skeletal muscle Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · preclinical | PMID 29230965 |
| 2017 | ACVR2B/Fc counteracts chemotherapy-induced loss of muscle and bone mass Scientific reports · preclinical | PMID 29089584 |
| 2013 | A single ascending-dose study of muscle regulator ACE-031 in healthy volunteers Muscle & nerve · human | PMID 23169607 |
| 2007 | Activin-type II receptor B (ACVR2B) and follistatin haplotype associations with muscle mass and strength in humans Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · preclinical | PMID 17347381 |
ACE-031 (ACE-031 (ACVR2B-Fc; soluble activin receptor)). Soluble form of activin receptor type IIB fused to an Fc domain; acts as a ligand trap for myostatin/activin, increasing muscle mass in preclinical and early clinical work.
Commonly discussed uses: muscular dystrophy research (clinical trials, since discontinued for that program). There is both human and animal/preclinical research, though the depth and quality vary by indication. Note: most uses are not approved indications.
Mechanism: Soluble form of activin receptor type IIB fused to an Fc domain; acts as a ligand trap for myostatin/activin, increasing muscle mass in preclinical and early clinical work.
Reported considerations: trial-observed: epistaxis/gum bleeding, telangiectasia (off-target vascular effects). There is both human and animal/preclinical research, though the depth and quality vary by indication. Clinical development for muscular dystrophy was discontinued partly over off-target bleeding/vascular effects. Not approved. This is not a safety endorsement; safety data for unapproved compounds is incomplete.
Commonly cited ranges (educational reference, not a recommendation): low trial-defined, typical investigational, high trial-defined. Administration: subcutaneous (trials). Half-life: long (Fc-fusion).
Australian status: Investigational — not approved. Clinical development for muscular dystrophy was discontinued partly over off-target bleeding/vascular effects. Not approved. General regulatory context: most active peptides are Schedule 4 and require a prescription; import via the Personal Importation Scheme requires a valid Australian prescription for prescription-only goods.
Reconstitution/storage reference: research vials vary; storage: refrigerated.
Commonly discussed combinations (anecdotal for unapproved compounds): investigational monotherapy. Stacking increases interaction/safety uncertainty.