*Doses are commonly-reported figures from public sources, not a recommendation. Educational only.
| Year | Title / venue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · preclinical | PMID 41490200 |
| 2026 | Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians The American journal of sports medicine · preclinical | PMID 41476424 |
| 2025 | Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · preclinical | PMID 40005999 |
| 2025 | Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · preclinical | PMID 40756949 |
| 2025 | Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · preclinical | PMID 40789979 |
| 2025 | Injectable Therapeutic Peptides-An Adjunct to Regenerative Medicine and Sports Performance? Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association · preclinical | PMID 39265666 |
| 2025 | Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study Alternative therapies in health and medicine · preclinical | PMID 40131143 |
| 2025 | BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions, but Maintaining, Promoting, or Recovering Their Essential Protective Functions. Comment on Józwiak et al. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18, 185 Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · preclinical | PMID 41155565 |
| 2025 | Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Pleiotropic Effect Controlling and Modulating Angiogenesis and the NO-System Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · preclinical | PMID 40573323 |
| 2025 | Reply to Sikiric et al. BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions, but Maintaining, Promoting, or Recovering Their Essential Protective Functions. Comment on "Józwiak et al. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide-Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18, 185" Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · preclinical | PMID 41155566 |
| 2025 | Editorial Commentary: Testosterone, Growth Hormone, and Vitamin D Supplementation Is Not Routinely Indicated for Orthopaedic Surgery Patients Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association · preclinical | PMID 39909207 |
| 2025 | Concerning BPC-157, a natural pentadecapeptide, that acts as a cytoprotectant and is believed to protect the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) Inflammopharmacology · preclinical | PMID 40759852 |
| 2024 | Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study Alternative therapies in health and medicine · preclinical | PMID 39325560 |
| 2024 | The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · preclinical | PMID 38675421 |
| 2024 | New studies with stable gastric pentadecapeptide protecting gastrointestinal tract. significance of counteraction of vascular and multiorgan failure of occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome in cytoprotection/organoprotection Inflammopharmacology · preclinical | PMID 38980576 |
| 2024 | Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Intestinal Anastomoses Therapy in Rats-A Review Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · preclinical | PMID 39204186 |
| 2023 | Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157-Possible Novel Therapy of Glaucoma and Other Ocular Conditions Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · preclinical | PMID 37513963 |
| 2023 | Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Prompt Particular Activation of Collateral Pathways Current medicinal chemistry · preclinical | PMID 36200148 |
| 2023 | Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 May Recover Brain-Gut Axis and Gut-Brain Axis Function Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · preclinical | PMID 37242459 |
| 2022 | Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system Neural regeneration research · preclinical | PMID 34380875 |
| 2022 | Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Striated, Smooth, and Heart Muscle Biomedicines · preclinical | PMID 36551977 |
| 2022 | Cytoprotective gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 resolves major vessel occlusion disturbances, ischemia-reperfusion injury following Pringle maneuver, and Budd-Chiari syndrome World journal of gastroenterology · preclinical | PMID 35125818 |
| 2021 | Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing Frontiers in pharmacology · preclinical | PMID 34267654 |
| 2021 | Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain Alternative therapies in health and medicine · preclinical | PMID 34324435 |
| 2021 | Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts L-NAME-induced catalepsy. BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine, NO-relation, in the suited rat acute and chronic models resembling 'positive-like' symptoms of schizophrenia Behavioural brain research · preclinical | PMID 32956773 |
| 2021 | BPC 157 as Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Medical hypotheses · preclinical | PMID 34798584 |
| 2020 | Fistulas Healing. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy Current pharmaceutical design · preclinical | PMID 32329684 |
| 2020 | BPC 157 Rescued NSAID-cytotoxicity Via Stabilizing Intestinal Permeability and Enhancing Cytoprotection Current pharmaceutical design · preclinical | PMID 32445447 |
| 2019 | Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing Cell and tissue research · preclinical | PMID 30915550 |
| 2018 | BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing Current pharmaceutical design · preclinical | PMID 29998800 |
| 2016 | Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications Current neuropharmacology · preclinical | PMID 27138887 |
| 2015 | Body protective compound-157 enhances alkali-burn wound healing in vivo and promotes proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro Drug design, development and therapy · preclinical | PMID 25995620 |
| 2014 | Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157-NO-system relation Current pharmaceutical design · preclinical | PMID 23755725 |
| 2014 | BPC 157 and blood vessels Current pharmaceutical design · preclinical | PMID 23782145 |
| 2013 | Toxicity by NSAIDs. Counteraction by stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Current pharmaceutical design · preclinical | PMID 22950504 |
| 2012 | Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 reduces bleeding time and thrombocytopenia after amputation in rats treated with heparin, warfarin or aspirin Thrombosis research · preclinical | PMID 21840572 |
| 2011 | The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · preclinical | PMID 21030672 |
| 2011 | Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: novel therapy in gastrointestinal tract Current pharmaceutical design · preclinical | PMID 21548867 |
| 1997 | Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 interactions with adrenergic and dopaminergic systems in mucosal protection in stress Digestive diseases and sciences · preclinical | PMID 9073154 |
| 1997 | BPC 157's effect on healing Journal of physiology, Paris · preclinical | PMID 9403790 |
BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157). Synthetic stable pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) derived from a partial sequence of a protein found in human gastric juice. Modulates the nitric oxide system, upregulates VEGFR2 and growth-factor pathways, and promotes angiogenesis and fibroblast function in injured tissue.
Commonly discussed uses: soft-tissue injury recovery, tendon and ligament repair, gut healing, anti-inflammatory support. The evidence base is largely preclinical (animal/in-vitro); published randomised human clinical trials are lacking or absent. Note: most uses are not approved indications.
Mechanism: Synthetic stable pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) derived from a partial sequence of a protein found in human gastric juice. Modulates the nitric oxide system, upregulates VEGFR2 and growth-factor pathways, and promotes angiogenesis and fibroblast function in injured tissue.
Reported considerations: generally well tolerated in animal studies, anecdotal: mild injection-site irritation, anecdotal: transient dizziness, nausea. The evidence base is largely preclinical (animal/in-vitro); published randomised human clinical trials are lacking or absent. Not approved for human use in AU, US, or UK. Sold internationally as a research chemical 'not for human consumption'. This is not a safety endorsement; safety data for unapproved compounds is incomplete.
Commonly cited ranges (educational reference, not a recommendation): low 250mcg/day, typical 250-500mcg/day, high 500mcg twice daily. Administration: subcutaneous, intramuscular, oral (gut-local). Half-life: ~4 hours (estimated, animal data).
Australian status: Prescription / Schedule 4 (not registered ARTG; pharmacist-compounded only with script). Not approved for human use in AU, US, or UK. Sold internationally as a research chemical 'not for human consumption'. General regulatory context: most active peptides are Schedule 4 and require a prescription; import via the Personal Importation Scheme requires a valid Australian prescription for prescription-only goods.
Reconstitution/storage reference: 2ml bacteriostatic water per 5mg vial; storage: lyophilised: room temp / fridge; reconstituted: refrigerated, use within ~30 days.
Commonly discussed combinations (anecdotal for unapproved compounds): BPC-157 + TB-500 (soft-tissue recovery), BPC-157 + GHK-Cu (skin/connective tissue). Stacking increases interaction/safety uncertainty.