*Doses are commonly-reported figures from public sources, not a recommendation. Educational only.
| Year | Title / venue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Review JAMA · preclinical | PMID 39899286 |
| 2025 | Testosterone replacement therapy and spermatogenesis in reproductive age men Nature reviews. Urology · preclinical | PMID 40346275 |
| 2025 | Optimal restoration of spermatogenesis after testosterone therapy using human chorionic gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone Fertility and sterility · preclinical | PMID 39442683 |
| 2024 | A Current Perspective on Delayed Puberty and Its Management Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · preclinical | PMID 38683021 |
| 2024 | Gonadotropins for pubertal induction in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: systematic review and meta-analysis European journal of endocrinology · preclinical | PMID 38128110 |
| 2024 | Fertility outcomes in male adults with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism treated during puberty with human chorionic gonadotropin and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone Journal of paediatrics and child health · preclinical | PMID 38572627 |
| 2023 | Influence of multiple human chorionic gonadotropin administrations on serum and urinary steroid Athlete Biological Passport profiles in males Drug testing and analysis · preclinical | PMID 37749856 |
| 2021 | Gonadotropin Treatment for the Male Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Current pharmaceutical design · preclinical | PMID 32445446 |
| 2021 | Human chorionic gonadotropin treatment: a viable option for management of secondary hypogonadism and male infertility Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism · preclinical | PMID 33345656 |
| 2020 | Fetal gender, serum human chorionic gonadotropin, and testosterone in women with preeclampsia Hypertension in pregnancy · preclinical | PMID 32406308 |
| 2020 | Male hypogonadism: therapeutic choices and pharmacological management Minerva endocrinologica · preclinical | PMID 33000619 |
| 2018 | Alternatives to Testosterone Therapy: A Review Sexual medicine reviews · preclinical | PMID 29174957 |
| 2016 | Testosterone and Male Infertility The Urologic clinics of North America · preclinical | PMID 27132576 |
| 2016 | Late-onset hypogonadism: the advantages of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin rather than testosterone The aging male : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male · human | PMID 26488941 |
| 2014 | Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism: diagnosis and treatment Fertility and sterility · preclinical | PMID 24636400 |
| 2002 | Human chorionic gonadotropin and testosterone in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies in relation to fetal sex Obstetrics and gynecology · preclinical | PMID 12220777 |
| 2000 | Appropriate use and interpretation of human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation in prepubertal male patients Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · preclinical | PMID 11419932 |
| 1999 | Microphallic hypospadias--the use of human chorionic gonadotropin and testosterone before surgical repair The Journal of urology · preclinical | PMID 10492233 |
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin). Glycoprotein hormone that acts as an LH analogue at the LH/CG receptor, stimulating gonadal steroidogenesis (testicular testosterone, ovarian function).
Commonly discussed uses: fertility treatment (ovulation induction, male hypogonadism), TRT-adjunct to maintain testicular function/fertility (physician-directed). There is both human and animal/preclinical research, though the depth and quality vary by indication. Note: most uses are not approved indications.
Mechanism: Glycoprotein hormone that acts as an LH analogue at the LH/CG receptor, stimulating gonadal steroidogenesis (testicular testosterone, ovarian function).
Reported considerations: gynaecomastia, oestrogen rise (males), OHSS risk (fertility context), injection-site reaction, mood changes. There is both human and animal/preclinical research, though the depth and quality vary by indication. Approved prescription medicine. WADA-prohibited in males. Listed as reference; use should be physician-directed. This is not a safety endorsement; safety data for unapproved compounds is incomplete.
Commonly cited ranges (educational reference, not a recommendation): low 250-500 IU 2x/week (TRT-adjunct), typical physician-directed by indication, high 5000-10000 IU (ovulation trigger). Administration: subcutaneous, intramuscular. Half-life: ~24-36 hours.
Australian status: Prescription-only; ARTG-registered. Approved prescription medicine. WADA-prohibited in males. Listed as reference; use should be physician-directed. General regulatory context: most active peptides are Schedule 4 and require a prescription; import via the Personal Importation Scheme requires a valid Australian prescription for prescription-only goods.
Reconstitution/storage reference: per registered product (e.g. 1ml diluent per vial); storage: refrigerated after reconstitution.
Commonly discussed combinations (anecdotal for unapproved compounds): HCG + TRT (physician-directed fertility/testicular maintenance). Stacking increases interaction/safety uncertainty.