*Doses are commonly-reported figures from public sources, not a recommendation. Educational only.
| Year | Title / venue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Molecular mechanisms of aging and anti-aging strategies Cell communication and signaling : CCS · preclinical | PMID 38790068 |
| 2024 | NAD metabolism: Role in senescence regulation and aging Aging cell · preclinical | PMID 37424179 |
| 2024 | Role and Potential Mechanisms of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Aging Aging and disease · preclinical | PMID 37548938 |
| 2024 | The therapeutic perspective of NAD(+) precursors in age-related diseases Biochemical and biophysical research communications · preclinical | PMID 38340651 |
| 2023 | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns Endocrine reviews · preclinical | PMID 37364580 |
| 2023 | Dietary Supplementation With NAD+-Boosting Compounds in Humans: Current Knowledge and Future Directions The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · preclinical | PMID 37068054 |
| 2023 | Sirtuin family in autoimmune diseases Frontiers in immunology · preclinical | PMID 37483618 |
| 2022 | Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as an anti-aging health product - Promises and safety concerns Journal of advanced research · preclinical | PMID 35499054 |
| 2022 | Molecular mechanisms of dietary restriction promoting health and longevity Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · preclinical | PMID 34518687 |
| 2022 | The role of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in anti-aging, longevity, and its potential for treating chronic conditions Molecular biology reports · preclinical | PMID 35441939 |
| 2021 | NAD(+) metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · preclinical | PMID 33353981 |
| 2021 | NAD(+) supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and cell senescence in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via cGAS-STING Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · preclinical | PMID 34497121 |
| 2021 | Role of NAD(+) in regulating cellular and metabolic signaling pathways Molecular metabolism · preclinical | PMID 33609766 |
| 2020 | NAD(+) metabolism: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic potential Signal transduction and targeted therapy · preclinical | PMID 33028824 |
| 2020 | The kynurenine pathway: a finger in every pie Molecular psychiatry · preclinical | PMID 30980044 |
| 2020 | T cells with dysfunctional mitochondria induce multimorbidity and premature senescence Science (New York, N.Y.) · preclinical | PMID 32439659 |
| 2020 | Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Reverses the Declining Quality of Maternally Aged Oocytes Cell reports · preclinical | PMID 32755581 |
| 2020 | NAD(+) homeostasis in health and disease Nature metabolism · preclinical | PMID 32694684 |
| 2020 | Sarcopenia and Muscle Aging: A Brief Overview Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · preclinical | PMID 33397034 |
| 2020 | NAD+ therapy in age-related degenerative disorders: A benefit/risk analysis Experimental gerontology · preclinical | PMID 31917996 |
| 2018 | Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence Cell metabolism · preclinical | PMID 29514064 |
| 2018 | NAD(+) Intermediates: The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of NMN and NR Cell metabolism · preclinical | PMID 29249689 |
| 2016 | CD38 Dictates Age-Related NAD Decline and Mitochondrial Dysfunction through an SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism Cell metabolism · preclinical | PMID 27304511 |
| 2015 | NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration Science (New York, N.Y.) · preclinical | PMID 26785480 |
| 2014 | NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease Trends in cell biology · preclinical | PMID 24786309 |
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide). Essential coenzyme central to redox reactions, mitochondrial energy production, and substrate for sirtuins and PARPs. Cellular levels decline with age; IV/SC supplementation aims to restore NAD+ pools.
Commonly discussed uses: energy/fatigue, cellular-aging research interest, addiction-recovery protocols (clinical IV). There is both human and animal/preclinical research, though the depth and quality vary by indication. Note: most uses are not approved indications.
Mechanism: Essential coenzyme central to redox reactions, mitochondrial energy production, and substrate for sirtuins and PARPs. Cellular levels decline with age; IV/SC supplementation aims to restore NAD+ pools.
Reported considerations: IV: flushing, chest tightness, nausea if infused too fast, injection-site discomfort. There is both human and animal/preclinical research, though the depth and quality vary by indication. Not an approved drug; offered as wellness IV therapy in some jurisdictions. Precursors (NMN/NR) sold as supplements (NMN status varies by country). This is not a safety endorsement; safety data for unapproved compounds is incomplete.
Commonly cited ranges (educational reference, not a recommendation): low 50-100mg SC, typical IV 250-500mg infusion, high IV 750mg+ (clinic-administered). Administration: intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, oral precursors (NMN/NR). Half-life: rapid turnover; clinical effect protocol-dependent.
Australian status: Not ARTG-registered as a therapeutic; used in some clinics off-label. Not an approved drug; offered as wellness IV therapy in some jurisdictions. Precursors (NMN/NR) sold as supplements (NMN status varies by country). General regulatory context: most active peptides are Schedule 4 and require a prescription; import via the Personal Importation Scheme requires a valid Australian prescription for prescription-only goods.
Reconstitution/storage reference: varies by formulation; storage: refrigerated; light-sensitive.
Commonly discussed combinations (anecdotal for unapproved compounds): NAD+ + NMN/NR precursors, NAD+ IV + glutathione (clinic protocols). Stacking increases interaction/safety uncertainty.