*Doses are commonly-reported figures from public sources, not a recommendation. Educational only.
| Year | Title / venue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | The TREK-1 potassium channel is a potential pharmacological target for vasorelaxation in pulmonary hypertension British journal of pharmacology · preclinical | PMID 38807478 |
| 2023 | Blocking Two-Pore Domain Potassium Channel TREK-1 Inhibits the Activation of A1-Like Reactive Astrocyte Through the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of Major Depressive Disorder Neurochemical research · preclinical | PMID 36670238 |
| 2021 | Sortilin-derived peptides promote pancreatic beta-cell survival through CREB signaling pathway Pharmacological research · preclinical | PMID 33737242 |
| 2020 | Spadin Selectively Antagonizes Arachidonic Acid Activation of TREK-1 Channels Frontiers in pharmacology · preclinical | PMID 32317978 |
| 2019 | Fighting against depression with TREK-1 blockers: Past and future. A focus on spadin Pharmacology & therapeutics · preclinical | PMID 30291907 |
| 2019 | First evidence of protective effects on stroke recovery and post-stroke depression induced by sortilin-derived peptides Neuropharmacology · preclinical | PMID 31325429 |
| 2017 | Sortilin derived propeptide regulation during adipocyte differentiation and inflammation Biochemical and biophysical research communications · preclinical | PMID 27816451 |
| 2017 | Shortened Spadin Analogs Display Better TREK-1 Inhibition, In Vivo Stability and Antidepressant Activity Frontiers in pharmacology · preclinical | PMID 28955242 |
| 2015 | Retroinverso analogs of spadin display increased antidepressant effects Psychopharmacology · preclinical | PMID 25080852 |
| 2015 | In vitro and in vivo regulation of synaptogenesis by the novel antidepressant spadin British journal of pharmacology · preclinical | PMID 25598009 |
PE-22-28 (PE-22-28 (spadin analogue; TREK-1 channel blocker)). Synthetic peptide derived from the sortilin propeptide; blocks TREK-1 potassium channels, an antidepressant target with rapid-acting potential in preclinical models.
Commonly discussed uses: antidepressant research (preclinical), neuroprotection research. The evidence base is largely preclinical (animal/in-vitro); published randomised human clinical trials are lacking or absent. Note: most uses are not approved indications.
Mechanism: Synthetic peptide derived from the sortilin propeptide; blocks TREK-1 potassium channels, an antidepressant target with rapid-acting potential in preclinical models.
Reported considerations: no human safety data. The evidence base is largely preclinical (animal/in-vitro); published randomised human clinical trials are lacking or absent. Preclinical research peptide. No human data. Not approved. This is not a safety endorsement; safety data for unapproved compounds is incomplete.
Commonly cited ranges (educational reference, not a recommendation): low research-defined, typical no established human dose, high research-defined. Administration: subcutaneous (research), intranasal (research). Half-life: short.
Australian status: Not ARTG-registered; research. Preclinical research peptide. No human data. Not approved. General regulatory context: most active peptides are Schedule 4 and require a prescription; import via the Personal Importation Scheme requires a valid Australian prescription for prescription-only goods.
Reconstitution/storage reference: research-defined; storage: refrigerated/frozen.
Commonly discussed combinations (anecdotal for unapproved compounds): research peptide; no protocols. Stacking increases interaction/safety uncertainty.