*Doses are commonly-reported figures from public sources, not a recommendation. Educational only.
| Year | Title / venue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Semaglutide in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity NEJM evidence · human | PMID 40550013 |
| 2025 | Cagrilintide-Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes The New England journal of medicine · human | PMID 40544432 |
| 2025 | Semaglutide in patients with overweight or obesity and chronic kidney disease without diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial Nature medicine · human | PMID 39455729 |
| 2025 | Real-world evidence on the utilization, clinical and comparative effectiveness, and adverse effects of newer GLP-1RA-based weight-loss therapies Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · preclinical | PMID 40196933 |
| 2025 | GLP-1-based therapies for diabetes, obesity and beyond Nature reviews. Drug discovery · preclinical | PMID 40281304 |
| 2025 | Mechanisms of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Weight Loss: A Review of Central and Peripheral Pathways in Appetite and Energy Regulation The American journal of medicine · preclinical | PMID 39892489 |
| 2024 | Semaglutide in Patients with Obesity-Related Heart Failure and Type 2 Diabetes The New England journal of medicine · human | PMID 38587233 |
| 2024 | Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials The American journal of cardiology · preclinical | PMID 38679221 |
| 2024 | Efficacy and safety of once weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg for weight management in a predominantly east Asian population with overweight or obesity (STEP 7): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · human | PMID 38330988 |
| 2024 | Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Parameters in Individuals With Obesity and Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · preclinical | PMID 38029929 |
| 2024 | Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Promising Role of Semaglutide: Insights from the SELECT Trial Current problems in cardiology · preclinical | PMID 37640171 |
| 2024 | Assessment of Thyroid Carcinogenic Risk and Safety Profile of GLP1-RA Semaglutide (Ozempic) Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review International journal of molecular sciences · preclinical | PMID 38673931 |
| 2024 | A systematic review of the effect of semaglutide on lean mass: insights from clinical trials Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · preclinical | PMID 38629387 |
| 2024 | Efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight loss in overweight or obese adults without diabetes: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis including the 2-year STEP 5 trial Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · preclinical | PMID 38016699 |
| 2024 | Update on Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management Nutrients · preclinical | PMID 39203917 |
| 2023 | Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes The New England journal of medicine · human | PMID 37952131 |
| 2023 | Obesity Management in Adults: A Review JAMA · preclinical | PMID 38015216 |
| 2023 | Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity Trends in cardiovascular medicine · preclinical | PMID 34942372 |
| 2023 | Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · preclinical | PMID 36254579 |
| 2022 | Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial JAMA · human | PMID 35015037 |
| 2022 | Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · preclinical | PMID 36578889 |
| 2022 | Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial Nature medicine · human | PMID 36216945 |
| 2022 | Semaglutide once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes in an east Asian population (STEP 6): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3a trial The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · human | PMID 35131037 |
| 2022 | Wegovy (semaglutide): a new weight loss drug for chronic weight management Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · preclinical | PMID 34706925 |
| 2022 | Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction Cardiovascular diabetology · preclinical | PMID 36050763 |
| 2022 | GLP-1 physiology informs the pharmacotherapy of obesity Molecular metabolism · preclinical | PMID 34626851 |
| 2021 | Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial Lancet (London, England) · human | PMID 33667417 |
| 2021 | Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity The New England journal of medicine · human | PMID 33567185 |
| 2021 | Safety of Semaglutide Frontiers in endocrinology · preclinical | PMID 34305810 |
| 2021 | GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art Molecular metabolism · preclinical | PMID 33068776 |
Semaglutide (Semaglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist)). Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and acts centrally to reduce appetite.
Commonly discussed uses: type 2 diabetes, chronic weight management, cardiovascular risk reduction (indicated populations). There is both human and animal/preclinical research, though the depth and quality vary by indication. Note: most uses are not approved indications.
Mechanism: Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and acts centrally to reduce appetite.
Reported considerations: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea/constipation, rare: pancreatitis, gallbladder events, boxed warning: thyroid C-cell tumours (rodent). There is both human and animal/preclinical research, though the depth and quality vary by indication. FDA/TGA/MHRA-APPROVED prescription drug. Compounded/grey-market 'research' semaglutide is NOT the approved product and carries identity/purity risk. This is not a safety endorsement; safety data for unapproved compounds is incomplete.
Commonly cited ranges (educational reference, not a recommendation): low 0.25mg/week (titration start), typical 1.0mg/week, high 2.4mg/week (weight indication). Administration: subcutaneous, oral (Rybelsus). Half-life: ~7 days.
Australian status: Prescription-only (S4); ARTG-registered as Ozempic/Wegovy/Rybelsus. FDA/TGA/MHRA-APPROVED prescription drug. Compounded/grey-market 'research' semaglutide is NOT the approved product and carries identity/purity risk. General regulatory context: most active peptides are Schedule 4 and require a prescription; import via the Personal Importation Scheme requires a valid Australian prescription for prescription-only goods.
Reconstitution/storage reference: approved product is pre-filled pen; compounded vials vary; storage: refrigerated; in-use pen per label.
Commonly discussed combinations (anecdotal for unapproved compounds): clinically used as monotherapy or with metformin/insulin (prescriber-directed). Stacking increases interaction/safety uncertainty.