*Doses are commonly-reported figures from public sources, not a recommendation. Educational only.
| Year | Title / venue | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | Elamipretide: First Approval Drugs · preclinical | PMID 41335372 |
| 2025 | Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential International journal of molecular sciences · preclinical | PMID 39940712 |
| 2025 | SS-31@Fer-1 Alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · preclinical | PMID 39848110 |
| 2025 | Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Silent Catalyst of Kidney Disease Progression Cells · preclinical | PMID 40497970 |
| 2025 | Beyond the injection: delivery systems reshaping retinal disease management Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · preclinical | PMID 40319468 |
| 2025 | Innovative technologies for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - modern therapeutic perspectives and their future Romanian journal of ophthalmology · preclinical | PMID 40330967 |
| 2025 | Telomere length in offspring is determined by mitochondrial-nuclear communication at fertilization Nature communications · preclinical | PMID 40087268 |
| 2024 | ALCAT1-mediated abnormal cardiolipin remodelling promotes mitochondrial injury in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease Cell communication and signaling : CCS · preclinical | PMID 38200543 |
| 2024 | Comprehensive dry eye therapy: overcoming ocular surface barrier and combating inflammation, oxidation, and mitochondrial damage Journal of nanobiotechnology · preclinical | PMID 38725011 |
| 2024 | Genotype-specific effects of elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy: a post hoc analysis of the MMPOWER-3 trial Orphanet journal of rare diseases · human | PMID 39574155 |
| 2023 | Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial Neurology · human | PMID 37268435 |
| 2023 | Elamipretide(SS-31) Attenuates Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Nrf2-Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · preclinical | PMID 38136142 |
| 2022 | A ROS-Responsive Liposomal Composite Hydrogel Integrating Improved Mitochondrial Function and Pro-Angiogenesis for Efficient Treatment of Myocardial Infarction Advanced healthcare materials · preclinical | PMID 35848825 |
| 2022 | Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with elamipretide Heart failure reviews · preclinical | PMID 35037146 |
| 2021 | Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Cells · preclinical | PMID 34572131 |
| 2021 | Elamipretide (SS-31) treatment attenuates age-associated post-translational modifications of heart proteins GeroScience · preclinical | PMID 34480713 |
| 2020 | Mitochondrial targeted therapy with elamipretide (MTP-131) as an adjunct to tumor necrosis factor inhibition for traumatic optic neuropathy in the acute setting Experimental eye research · preclinical | PMID 32758490 |
| 2019 | Elamipretide (SS-31) improves mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic and memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice Journal of neuroinflammation · preclinical | PMID 31747905 |
SS-31 (Elamipretide (SS-31 / MTP-131)). Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilising cristae and improving electron-transport efficiency and reducing ROS.
Commonly discussed uses: mitochondrial myopathy / cardiomyopathy research, age-related mitochondrial dysfunction research. There is both human and animal/preclinical research, though the depth and quality vary by indication. Note: most uses are not approved indications.
Mechanism: Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilising cristae and improving electron-transport efficiency and reducing ROS.
Reported considerations: injection-site reactions (trials), long-term safety under study. There is both human and animal/preclinical research, though the depth and quality vary by indication. Investigational drug (elamipretide). Not approved. Grey-market 'SS-31' is unverified material. This is not a safety endorsement; safety data for unapproved compounds is incomplete.
Commonly cited ranges (educational reference, not a recommendation): low trial-defined, typical investigational (e.g. 40mg/day SC in some trials), high trial-defined. Administration: subcutaneous, intravenous (trials). Half-life: ~few hours.
Australian status: Investigational — not approved. Investigational drug (elamipretide). Not approved. Grey-market 'SS-31' is unverified material. General regulatory context: most active peptides are Schedule 4 and require a prescription; import via the Personal Importation Scheme requires a valid Australian prescription for prescription-only goods.
Reconstitution/storage reference: research vials vary; storage: refrigerated.
Commonly discussed combinations (anecdotal for unapproved compounds): investigational monotherapy. Stacking increases interaction/safety uncertainty.